The maximum credit for new vehicles is $7,500, based on meeting certain sourcing requirements for 1) critical minerals and 2) battery components. Clean vehicles that satisfy only one of the two requirements can qualify for a $3,750 credit.
Vans, pickup trucks and SUVs with a manufacturer’s suggested retail price (MSRP) of more than $80,000 don’t qualify for the credit, nor do automobiles with an MSRP higher than $55,000. Qualified vehicles also must undergo final assembly in North America.
The IRA also created a new credit, Sec. 25E, for eligible taxpayers who buy used clean vehicles from dealers. The credit equals the lesser of $4,000 or 30% of the sale price. But the credit can’t be claimed at all if the sale price is over $25,000. The OBBBA also ends this credit after September 30, 2025.
These credits are unavailable to taxpayers with incomes exceeding certain amounts, and additional rules and limits apply.
The OBBBA also eliminates the tax incentive for a business’s use of clean vehicles. The Qualified Commercial Clean Vehicle Credit (Sec. 45W) had been scheduled to expire after 2032. It’s now available only for vehicles acquired on or before September 30, 2025. Depending on vehicle weight, the maximum credit is up to $7,500 or $40,000.
Additional rules and limits also apply to this credit.
If your federal tax withholding isn’t enough to cover your total tax liability, you may need to make estimated tax payments. This typically applies if you have income from sources such as interest, dividends, capital gains or self-employment. The following rules explain how to make these payments without incurring an underpayment penalty.
Individuals subject to estimated tax requirements generally must pay 25% of a “required annual payment” by April 15, June 15 and September 15 of the tax year and January 15 of the following year to avoid an underpayment penalty. If one of those dates falls on a weekend or holiday, the payment is due on the next business day.
So the third installment for 2025 is due on Monday, September 15. Payments are made using Form 1040-ES and may be made electronically or on paper.
If you do have to pay estimated taxes, calculating them requires projecting total income, deductions, credits and withholding for the year. After determining the required annual payment, divide that number by four and make four equal payments by the due dates.
But you may be able to use the annualized income method to make smaller payments during part of the year. This method is helpful to people whose income flow isn’t uniform over the year, perhaps because the business is seasonal.
Partnerships aren’t subject to income tax at the entity level. Instead, each partner is taxed on the earnings of the partnership, even if the profits aren’t distributed.
Similarly, if a partnership incurs a loss, it’s passed through to the partners. (However, various rules may prevent partners from currently using their shares of the partnership’s losses to offset other income.)
A partnership must file an information return, IRS Form 1065, “U.S. Return of Partnership Income.” On this form, the partnership separately identifies income, deductions, credits and other items.
This allows partners to properly treat items that are subject to limits or other rules that could affect their treatment at the partner level. Examples of items that may require special treatment include capital gains and losses, interest expense on investment debts, and charitable contributions. Each partner receives a Schedule K-1, showing their share of partnership items for the tax year.
Basis and distribution rules ensure that partners aren’t taxed twice. A partner’s initial basis in his or her partnership interest (which varies depending on how the interest was acquired) is increased by his or her share of partnership taxable income. When that income is paid out to partners in cash, they aren’t taxed on the money if they have sufficient basis. Instead, partners reduce their basis by the amount of the distribution. If a cash distribution exceeds a partner’s basis, then the excess is taxed to the partner as a gain.
Now might be a good time for some taxpayers to convert their traditional IRA to a Roth IRA. Traditional IRA withdrawals are taxed and, if taken early, may be subject to penalties. Also, required minimum distributions (RMDs) must be taken starting at age 73 (or 75 if you won’t turn 73 until after 2032). But qualified Roth IRA withdrawals are tax-free, you can access Roth contributions anytime tax- and penalty-free, and there are no RMDs for Roth accounts.
Converting a traditional IRA to a Roth can allow you to turn tax-deferred future growth into tax-free growth and take advantage of a Roth IRA’s other benefits. But, taxes are due on the converted amount. If your traditional IRA’s value has dropped due to market volatility or you’re in a lower-than-usual tax bracket this year, your tax bill on a conversion will be lower.
Ideally, pay taxes with non-IRA funds to preserve future tax-free growth potential. Conversions work best if you don’t need the money soon, giving it time to grow. You can even spread conversions across multiple years to reduce the tax impact. A Roth conversion can be a smart move, but it’s not for everyone. Contact the office to explore your options.
If you requested an extension to file your tax return after the April 15, 2025, due date, the extended deadline is Wednesday, Oct. 15. If you have the information you need, consider filing now. There’s no advantage to waiting, and last-minute filing may lead to stress and worry.
If you’re concerned about paying any tax owed, the IRS offers short- and long-term payment plans, as well as installment agreements, to taxpayers who qualify. It’s important to act quickly if you owe because any amount that was due April 15 accrues interest until the balance is paid. So, as soon as possible, gather your 2024 tax year records and contact the office for a tax preparation appointment or to ask questions you may have.
If you’d been holding off on investing in qualified assets such as office furniture, equipment and off-the-shelf computer software because 2025 bonus depreciation had been only 40%, you may want to move ahead now. Remember, assets must not just be acquired but also be placed in service by Dec. 31 for you to claim 100% bonus depreciation on your 2025 calendar year tax return. Contact the office to learn about these and other business-related tax provisions in the law.
